In this paper, we describe a comprehensive observational and modeling research project--Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE)--that demonstrates a transformational approach to advance our understanding of
orographic cloud dynamical and microphysical processes and addresses long-standing uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of
orographic cloud seeding.
To minimize the possibility of
orographic cloud and precipitation enhancement, the target area at YP was designed to be lower than the seeding point CPOS with an altitude difference of ~70 m.
Rauber and Grant [13] indicated that supercooled liquid water (SLW) layers are common in
orographic cloud systems with cloud tops at temperatures as low as -31[degrees]C.
Orographic cloud was expected prior to the start of the global storm on 2007 Jun 23.
Orographic cloud interception constitutes a major hydrological input within the study area (Clark et al.
Here, we perform sensitivity studies to investigate the impacts of dust and pollution aerosol on different kinds of
orographic cloud systems depending on different synoptic forcing and availability of moisture.
Signs of returning white cloud activity included: thin evening cloud over Hellas, Oct 5; thin morning cloud over Hellas, Oct 30; Arsia Mons
orographic cloud and thin evening cloud over Tharsis, Oct 18.
The short residence time of an air parcel within an
orographic cloud means that precipitation is much more dependent on the efficiency or speed of development of precipitation than in nonorographic clouds (Letcher and Cotton 2014).
Reynolds, "Literature review and scientific synthesis on the efficacy of winter
orographic cloud seeding, CIRES, Boulder, CO," A report to the U.S.
At ground level the
orographic cloud climbs the mountains but does not move to YJP.
The WWMPP was a multiyear project sponsored by the state of Wyoming that included a randomized seeding experiment to statistically evaluate the effectiveness of glaciogenic
orographic cloud seeding with silver iodide (AgI) to enhance the snowpack in the state.
The Arsia Mons
orographic cloud returned weakly to telescopic visibility on Jul 22 (Peach) at Ls= 254[degrees].